• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an apparatus for drying the foundation and / or subfloor of a building. Said apparatus comprises a building foundation and / or bottom which limits the air space remaining in the lower part of the building to receive solar radiation from the solar collector and to bind to a gaseous medium circulating inside the solar collector, particularly air, characterized in that: of a similar material, which also allows moisture to pass through, via an air connection with the enclosed air space (3) adjacent to the foundation (8) and / or bottom (7), wherein the interior (T) of the solar collector (2), together with the gas space, in particular, the flow of air into which the replacement gas, in particular the replacement air, is arranged at 0-5% by volume of the total volume of said gas space.
    公开号:FI20176182A1
    申请号:FI20176182
    申请日:2017-12-28
    公开日:2019-06-29
    发明作者:Pasi Matti Puikkonen
    申请人:Zensolar Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Apparatus and method for drying the foundation and / or subfloor
    The invention relates to an apparatus as defined in the preamble of claim 1 for drying a building foundation and / or subfloor.
    The invention also relates to a method of drying a building foundation and / or subfloor.
    One of the most commonly used driers for the underfloor of buildings and foundations has been to prevent moisture damage and mold growth by increasing the underfloor from ventilated outside air (so-called "rooftops", which have a ventilation space underneath the underfloor). Summer is problematic for such a venting method because then the warm and humid air coming from outside 10 may condense to the bottom because the temperature in the venting space is lower than the outside air.
    Further attempts have been made to prevent moisture and mildew damage to the underside by heating the underside with a separate heater, increasing ventilation in the underside with a fan, or using a venting device that condenses the moisture and then deflecting moisture from underneath the underside. Drying the base with a separate heater requires a relatively large amount of electrical energy, as well as venting the base to achieve that. methods would be effective.
    The prior art The starting point of the invention was to eliminate or at least alleviate the disadvantages of the prior art.
    Thus, the main object of the invention was to provide an efficient method of venting and drying the subfloor and the foundation, as well as the apparatus used therein, but with minimal consumption of electricity for drying / heating or ventilation.
    It was a further object of the invention to provide a method and apparatus for drying the subfloor and the subfloor which could further economically heat the subfloor and subfloor.
    In addition, the above objectives were to be achieved by equipment that is easily adaptable depending on the structure of the foundation or subfloor of the property, the location of the property and the required drying or ventilation capacity.
    The foregoing objects are accomplished by means of the apparatus 30 as defined in claim 1 for drying the foundation and / or subfloor of a building and the like.
    20176182 prh 28 -12-2017 according to the method of claim 19 for drying a building foundation and / or subfloor.
    More particularly, the invention relates to apparatus for drying the foundation and / or subfloor of a building. The apparatus comprises a building foundation and / or subfloor which limits the air space to the lower part of the building to receive solar radiation from the solar collector and to bind to the gaseous medium circulating inside the solar collector, particularly air. In the invention,
    - the solar radiation-permeable surface of the solar collector is made of polycarbonate or similar material which also transmits moisture,
    - the solar collector is fitted with a flap mechanism, in particular a flap or seal, which is opened by the pressure of the gas to remove moisture from the interior of the solar collector to the open air,
    - the interior of the solar collector is connected via a pipeline to the air connection to the enclosed gas space limited to the foundation and / or bottom, in particular to the air space.
    Herein, the interior of the solar collector, the interior of the piping, and the enclosed airspace adjacent to the foundation or underside together form a gas space, in particular an airspace in which the flow of replacement gas, especially replacement air
    In the method according to the invention, the apparatus comprises a solar collector having a polycarbonate or similar material having a solar radiation-permeable front surface which also transmits moisture to receive solar radiation, and to bind to the bottom The method
    - solar radiation, in particular IR radiation, is bound to the air flow circulating inside the solar collector,
    - the flow of air heated inside the solar collector is conducted through a piping to a closed air space at least partially adjacent to the foundation or subfloor of the building to calculate the moisture of said foundation or subfloor,
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017
    - moisture transmitted from the foundation or sub-base to the enclosed air space adjacent to the foundation or sub-base is conducted via piping, to the interior of the solar collector and thereafter through the front panel of the solar transmissive front panel made of polycarbonate or similar material and the front panel.
    A building here refers to a building, such as a property, a detached house, or a space exposed to moisture.
    The present invention is based on the use of a solar collector to dry and ventilate the base and foundation by providing a closed air circulation between the base and foundation structures and the solar collector. Moisture from the bottom floor and foundation to the enclosed air circulation is removed through a solar collector, where the material of the front panel is selected to be partially moisture permeable. Moisture is also removed from the solar collector by structural solutions of the solar collector, based on the fact that a flap mechanism such as a flap or gasket is arranged to open or otherwise allow water vapor from the solar collector to open air
    In this application, flap refers to a mechanical solver acting like a flap, such as a flap or flap assembly.
    By flap mechanism is meant a seal or flap which is adapted to open on the basis of the difference in air pressure across its various sides.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the partial pressure difference between the water vapor content of the water vapor in the indoor air mixture of the solar collector and the humidity in the outdoor air opens seals or flaps formed in the solar collector front cover. In this way, moisture can be effectively removed from the interior of the solar collector. If the partial pressure of the water vapor contained in the outdoor air is higher than the partial pressure of the water vapor inside the solar collector, the external moisture cannot enter the solar collector interior because said seals and flap-shaped formations are squeezed by the partial pressure of said water vapor.
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017
    In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the lower ends of the solar collector pipeline open to the rooftop vent, whereby the amount of replacement air (outdoor air) entering the vent is limited to less than 10% of the total flow volume of the gas space, especially airspace. By limiting the flow of outdoor air to the bottom of the bed 5 and removing the bed base moisture through the solar collector, especially in the summer, an inexpensive way to control the bed bottom moisture is provided, since the outside moisture cannot condense on the bottom.
    In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the lower ends of the solar collector pipeline open into a housing that is in contact with a bottom slab, such as a 10-earth concrete slab or a foundation slab, such as a concrete slab. The flow of air is led from the solar collector through the piping to the base and / or bottom slab, a bounded closed enclosure to which the slab is in contact with the slab to remove moisture from the former. After the dehumidification has been removed from the slab, a flow of air led from the solar collector to the housing further heats the said slab made of concrete or similar material of the foundation and / or subfloor.
    By slab is meant here either earthen slab or foundation slab. The slab is preferably a concrete slab.
    Such use of a solar collector is capable of first drying a certain area of the base and / or foundation and then, after drying, only heating the foundation / base without heating the rest of the air mass above the housing and / or the tile. In addition, heating the earthy slab, especially of the subfloor, provides the advantage that the slab serves as a heat distributor and prevents the energy used for heating during the heating season from passing through the slab.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lower ends of the piping connected to the solar collector by air connection open to the basement of the building. In this way, the humidity level of the basement of the building can be effectively controlled.
    In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the solar collector body 30 at each side end of the frame has at least one removable end plug, preferably two removable end plugs, for interconnecting the interior space of at least two solar collector modules with a gas volume such that
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017
    Preferably, the position of the control element is further arranged to be changed in the solar collector module indoors, from the first position to the second position, such that the air circulation in the solar collector module caused by the control element changes accordingly.
    Preferably, the solar collector is made up of at least two modules having the same structure as the entire solar collector. Each module comprises a vertical frame portion with a horizontal polycarbonate solar radiation-transmitting front panel portion as well as a horizontal rear panel portion. The module body frame portion, the front plate portion, and the rear plate portion 10 limit the interior space of the module, which further includes a horizontal plate-like absorption surface for collecting solar radiation.
    In addition, two opposed side ends of each module body frame portion have a coupling opening which can be covered by at least one removable end plug. Preferably, the socket end for each module is provided with two socket openings which can be covered by two removable end plugs, respectively.
    The interiors of the modules to be included in the solar collector can be connected to the air connection via the connection openings of the frame parts of these modules. This is done by first placing the two modules to be mounted side by side in mutual contact through their frame members so that the respective coupling holes of their frame members are aligned. In this case, the combined air volume of the interiors of the modules also determines the volume of air inside the solar collector.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of partition wall pairs remain inside the rectangular solar collector and its vertical frame. The partition pairs consist of a series of interconnected lateral ends of the frame members of the solar collector modules, each having a pair of concentric coupling apertures. The flow of air inside the solar collector can pass from one module to another through these pairs of connection openings.
    Such a modular solar collector achieves the significant advantage of easily and simply modifying the air circulation inside the solar collector, the size of the solar collector interior, and the surface of the solar collector absorption surfaces and front panel. Specifically, the solar panel's interior volume, air circulation, and inlet / outlet connections to the foundation / underfloor
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017 By modifying the position of the outlets with a solar collector, the solar collector can be adapted to the amount of water removed from the foundations and subsoil.
    In the following, the invention and the advantages it achieves will be illustrated in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
    Figure 1A is an exploded view of a solar collector according to the invention.
    Figure 1B shows the other end of the solar collector as a cross-sectional view from the side.
    Fig. 2A is a schematic top plan view of the air deflectors (control elements) inside one module of the solar collector.
    Figure 2B shows a number of solar collector modules from the top, viewed from above.
    Figures 3A-3C show schematically the apparatus according to the invention installed in connection with various foundation and subfloor structures of a building.
    Figures 4A-4E are schematic cross-sectional views of modular solar collectors and their airflow circulating indoors.
    In the following, the structures and functions shown in the figures are briefly discussed, and the details of the invention are each intended to illustrate.
    An exploded view of solar collector 2 shown in Figure 1A and a sectional view of Figure 1B show the main parts of a solar collector. The solar collector 2 used in the apparatus 20 of the invention comprises a vertical frame frame 20 with a horizontal polycarbonate solar radiation transmitting front panel 29. The frame frame also includes a horizontal rear panel 24 shown in Fig. 1B. The frame 20, the front panel 29 and the rear panel 24 of the solar collector 2 define the interior space T of the solar collector 2 (cf. Fig. 1B), further comprising a horizontal plate-like solar radiation absorption surface 25 between the front panel 29 and the rear panel 24. Inner space T of solar collector 2 also generally has one or more horizontal layers of moisture and air permeable insulation, e.g. but not shown herein for the purpose of simplifying Figure 1A.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rear panel 24 of the solar collector 2 is also made of polycarbonate.
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017
    Figure 1B illustrates structures for removing moisture from the interior of the solar collector T to the outside air while preventing the moisture of the outdoor air from entering the interior of the solar collector 2. The figure also shows the main parts of the solar collector 2.
    1B shows a part of the interior T of the solar collector 2 of a rotating body frame 20 which has a metal cover 26 on the vertical side 21 on the top side and partly on the front plate 29 which still extends slightly over the rear plate 24. Both the front panel 29 and the rear panel 24 are polycarbonate sheets that allow some water vapor to pass through. The frame 20 10 is made of wood. The cover 26 is formed by two cover portions 26a, 26b, each of which is a metal plate mounted slightly overlapping at the side 21 of the frame frame 20. Seen from the side 21, the outer edge parallel to the plane of the front panel 29 of the upper cover 26 portion 26a is folded slightly inward, thereby contacting the lower cover 26 portion 26b. Thus, a flap-like assembly 15 is formed of superposed outer edges 26a1, 26b1 of cover portions 26a, 26b.
    The outer edges 26a1, 26b1 of the lid portions 26a, 26b separate from the mutual contact by the partial pressure of the water vapor in the air mixture of the interior T of the solar collector 2, as described below.
    In addition, there are seals 27 between the cover 26 and the front panel 29, and the cover 26 and the rear panel 24, which are also arranged to open as the partial pressure of water vapor in the indoor air mixture of solar collector 2 increases relative to the partial pressure of water vapor. The rectangular front plate 29 is secured to the frame frame by a fastening portion 30 which rotates the same front plate (cf. Fig. 1A).
    Figures 2A and 2B illustrate the module structure of a solar collector according to the invention.
    Figure 2A schematically illustrates one module of solar collector 2
    January 2 contained in the (air) control elements 23; 23 'and 23; 23 ”located at the respective connection openings 20b when installing the solar collector; 20b 'and 20b; 20b 'as shown in Figure 2A. Coupling openings 20b; 20b 'and 20b; 20b ', the position of the (non-air) control elements 23 in the interior space T of the module may be changed from a first position to a second such that the air circulation I provided by the control element 23; Id Tm in the interior of module 2 'of solar collector 2 changes accordingly. In the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 2A, a solar collector
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017 Module 2; 2 1 frame 20; 20 1 in two opposed lateral ends 22; 22 1 and 22; 22 2 has two coupling openings 20b; 20b 'and 20b; 20b ". Said coupling openings 20b; 20b 'and 20b; 20b 'which are covered during installation with removable end plugs as shown in Figure 2B. Coupling openings 20b; 20b 'and 20b; 20b 'is intended to always interconnect the interior space of two consecutive or parallel solar collector 2 modules, as further illustrated in Figures 2B and 4A4E. Then, the total gas volume Tm of the interior of these modules defines the total gas volume T of the solar collector.
    Figure 2B illustrates the three (ke10) modules 2 formed by the solar collector 2; 2 1 , 2; 2 2 , and 2; 2 3 . The structure of each module 2 1 , 2 2 , 2 3 is similar to that of the entire solar collector. This module structure is further illustrated in the description of Figure 4A-4E. Solar module 2 for each module 2; 2 1 , 2; 2 2 , or 2; 2 3 parts of the frame are designated 20; 20 1 , 20; 20 2 or 20; 20 3 . In either module 2; 2 1 , 2; 2 2 , or 2; 2 3 run15 test frame part 20; 20 1 , 20; 20 2 or 20; 3 of the opposite pair of side ends 21, 21 or 22, 22 have at least one detachable end plug 20a at each side end.
    In the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 2B, each module 2; 2 1 , 2; 2 2 , or 2; 2 3 , 1 , 20 2, or 20 3 of a portion 20 1 , 20 2 or 20 3 of the transverse body frame 20 20 of the front plate 29 and the rear plate 2 in opposite opposite sides 22; 22 'and 22; 22 ”each has two removable end plugs 20a each; 20a 'and 20a; 20a ". Removing the end plug 20a provides the coupling opening 20b shown in Figure 2A (cf. Figure 1A). Coupling opening 20b is used to connect two consecutive modules (e.g., modules 2 1 and 2 2 in Figure 2B) to a reciprocal air circulation connection.
    Figures 4A-4E illustrate air circulation I; Id in the interior of solar collector 2 in a solar collector 2 consisting of several modules 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n .
    Figures 4A-4E illustrate the various solar collectors 2 provided by modularity and the convertible air circuits I provided with these solar collectors ai30 with modifiable control elements 23; Id. The solar collectors 2 shown in Figures 4A-4E have a different number of modules 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n connected to each other.
    The solar collectors 2 of Figure 4A-4E always have two consecutive modules interconnected, the connection method being further illustrated in Figures 2A-2B and 1A. Inside each module 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n there are 0-2 air control elements 23 which can be moved to another position inside the module to obtain different routes
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017 Solar Collector 2 Interior T for Airflow I; Id between said airflow inlet 521 (connection from inlet pipes 5; 52) and outlet 511 (connection to outflow pipes 5; 51).
    The structure of each module 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n is similar to the entire solar test 5 herring illustrated in Figures 1A and 1B. The module 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n thus always comprises a part 20 1 , 20 2 ... 20 n of the vertical frame frame 20. To 20 parts of the body frame 20 1, 20 is 2 ... 20 n associated with the horizontal direction, polycarbonate, permeable to solar radiation on the front panel 29 of portion 29 1 February 29 ... 29, and also the horizontal part of the rear plate 24.
    Some of the modules 2 1, 2 2 ... 2 of the base frame 20 20 1, 20 2 ... 20 n, 29 of the front portion 29 1 29 2 ... 29 n and the part of the rear plate 24 in the solar panel 2 of each module 2 1 2 2 ... 2 n internal space Tmi, Tm2 ... T mn , further comprising a horizontal plate-like absorption surface (cf. Figure 1A) for collecting solar radiation.
    In the embodiments of the solar collector shown in Figs. 4A-4E, each of the 15 modules 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n 0-2 has control elements 23, whose position change by changing the air circulation in the internal space T of each module 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n . The control dampers are further illustrated in Figure 2B.
    Figures 3A-3C show various installations 1 according to the invention, in which the solar collector 2 is mounted on the roof 11 of the building or on the outer wall 12 20. The solar collector 2 is then mounted on the roof 11 or the outer wall, respectively, so that its front panel 29 is approximately parallel to the roof 11 or the outer wall, respectively.
    Each of the apparatuses 1 shown in Figures 3A-3C comprises a solar collector 2 having the structure illustrated above in Figures 1A-1B, 2A-2B and 4A-4E. The sun test 25 at herring 2 thus has a solar radiation-permeable front surface 29 made of polycarbonate or the like, which also transmits moisture to receive solar radiation, and to bind to the airflow I circulating inside the solar collector 2; Id (cf. Fig. 2A). The apparatus 1 further comprises piping 5 for connecting the interior space T of the solar collector 2 to an air circulation connection with the enclosed air space 3 bordering the base 8 or the bottom 7.
    The interior space T of each solar collector 2 of the apparatus 1 shown in Figs. 3A-3C is connected via a conduit 5 to an air recirculation connection to a bottom air 7 or to a closed air space 3 adjacent to the base 8.
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017 control damper 54. First control damper 54; 54 'is located in connection with the part 51 of the piping 5 bringing the heated air from the solar collector 2 into the enclosed air space 3, where the part 5 of the piping; 51 is a flow 1 from the solar collector; 1a. Second damper 54; 54 'is disposed from closed air space 3 on solar collector 2 (damp) 5 in connection with a portion 52 of a duct 5 for returning air to the heat collector 2, wherein duct portion 5; 52 is a flow of air to the solar collector I; Ib. In addition, each pipeline 5 always has one fan 53 for airflows I; la I; Ib for maintaining and changing flow rates in the piping system 5. In the embodiments of the invention shown in Figures 3A-3C, the piping system 5 always has two control dampers 54; 54 ', 54; 54 "and 10 a single fan 53 located from solar collector 2 to an enclosed air space 3 for a flow of air heated to I; 5a, part 51.
    The apparatuses shown in Figures 3A-3C further include a control unit 6; 63 airflows I; la, I; Id for adjusting the flow rate in the piping 5 by adjusting the damper 54; 54 'and 54; 54 ”and fan 53. Preferably, the control unit receives information about the airflow I circulating in the interior space T of the solar collector 2; Id through the temperature sensors 61 and the flow rate sensors 62 responsible for temperature and air flow rate (Fig. 3a).
    The important features of the invention and the operation of the apparatus will now be described by way of example with reference to the more general description of the structures and functions 20 of Figs.
    An important feature of the invention is the active removal of moisture through the heat collector 2 to the outdoor air.
    This dehumidification is accomplished by contacting the outer edges of the flappered formations 26a1,26b1 of the solar collector 26 when the humidity of the water vapor in the interior space T of the solar collector 2 is less than the partial pressure of the humidity contained in the outdoor air (cf. Figure 1B). As the partial pressure of the water vapor circulating in the interior T of the solar collector 2 becomes greater than the partial vapor pressure of the water contained in the outdoor air, the partial vapor pressure between the two mixtures opens the seals arranged between the lid 26 and the 27 'and 27; 27 ”or flap-shaped formations 26a1, 26b1 adjacent to the front and rear panel 29, 24 and cover 26 of the solar collector.
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017
    Another important feature of the invention relates to the modularity of the solar collector 2 according to the invention. This is illustrated in Figures 1A, 2A-2B and 4A-4E.
    The solar collector 2 shown in Fig. 1A comprises only one module and its main body 5 at the opposed lateral ends 22; 22 'and 22; 22 "each show two connection openings 20b for end plugs 20a. Further, Fig. 1A shows the structure of the engaging member 30 engaging the front panel 29: the two opposing elements 30 of the rectangular member 30; 30c and 30; 30c 'also has two coupling openings 30a, 30a in each. The coupling openings 30a, 30a 10 are located at a position similar to the coupling openings 20b at the lateral ends of the frame frame 20; 20b 'and 20b; 20b ". When the mounting member 30 is mounted on the front panel 29, the coupling openings 30a are aligned with the coupling openings 20b of the frame frame 20. If necessary, they can increase the diameter of the coupling openings 20b in the side ends 22 and thus also the amount of air flow from one module to another.
    By removing the end plugs 20a, two modules 2 1 and 2 2 and 2 2 'and 2 3 ' (cf. Fig. 2B) of the solar collector 2 can be connected to each other through the connection openings 20b of the side ends 22 1 and 22 2 ; 20b 'and 20b; 20b ”to the air circulation connection. Thus, the connected modules, for example, in Figure 2B, the modules 2 2 and 2 3 air spaces are connected vastaa20 accordingly air flow communication with each other so that the modules 2 2 and March 2 The total volume of air in the interior defined by these modules 2 2 and March 2-assembled solar collector 2 in the interior T of the total gas volume.
    Fig. 2A shows how the position of the control element 23 is arranged to be changed in the solar collector 2 module 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n inside the space T from the first weapon to the second so that the air circulation in the solar collector 2 module 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n changes accordingly. Such a modular solar collector achieves the significant advantage that the air circulation in the interior space T of the solar collector 2, the airflow volume of the solar collector interior T and the area of the absorption surfaces of the solar collector and the front panel 29 can be easily and simply modified.
    The modularity of the solar collector 2 and the variable air circulation Id of the modules 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n in the interior of the solar collector T supports several ways of connecting the piping 5 to the solar collector 2.
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017
    Solar collector 2 interior volume T and air circulation I; By modifying the id, the solar collector can also be adapted to different amounts of water removed from the foundations and subsoil.
    Solar collectors 2 are often installed in existing properties and private homes, whereby the unique structural features of the property / building typically define the location of the piping system 5. Solar collector 2's versatile connectivity options support this in two ways.
    4A-4E each show a plurality of spaced-apart partitions 20 1 , 20 2 ... 20 n of the au10 collector 2 modules 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n inside the rectangular and vertical frame 20 of the solar collector 2, consisting of a pair of partitions: side panels 22 interconnected by two consecutive modules; 22 ', 22; 22 'form a partition wall pair 22', 22 '(cf. Figs. 2A and 2B and 4A-4E). Each pair of partitions has concentric coupling pairs 20b; 20b 'and 20b; 20b ”(hereinafter also referred to as 20b, 20b), 15 of which the airflow can pass from one module to another.
    In each of the solar collectors 2 shown in Figs. 4A-4E, the modules 21 , 2 2 ... 2 n are successively mounted in one row (row), leaving 2 n_1 of partition wall pairs 22 inside the solar collector frame 20; 22 ', 22; 22 ". In each partition wall pair 22; 22, 22; 22 ”always has two concentric coupling pairs 20 20b, 20b, of which airflow I circulating inside the solar collector; The id can pass from one module to another module.
    The solar collectors 2 illustrated in Figures 4A-4E consist of at least three (collector) modules 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n . Each module body frame 20 portion 20 1 , 20 2 ... 20 n , in two opposed side ends 22; 22 ', 22; 22 "always has two 25 coupling holes 20b; 20b ', 20b; 20b 'which can be covered by two removable end plugs 20a, respectively; 20a ', 20a; 20a ”(cf. Fig. 2B).
    Thus, two 2 with two adjacent modules the solar January 2, 2 2 can contact each other by placing 20 via the parts of the body frame 20 1, 20 2 of these modules 2. 1 February 2 to 20, 20 parts of the base frame 20 1, 20 2 correspond to the coupling openings 30 20b, 20b aligned . Thereafter, the internal spaces Tmi, Tm2 ... Tmn of the modules 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n are interconnected through the connection openings 20b of the parts 20 1 , 20 2 ... 20 n of the frame 20,
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017
    Thereafter, the combined air volume Tmi, Tm2 ... Tmn of at least two modules 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n also defines the air volume T of the solar collector.
    Solar collector 2 for air circulation I; The volume available in the interior space T of the id is then directly proportional to the combined volumes Tmi, Tm2 ... Tmn of the modules 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n contained in the solar collector.
    The position of the coupling opening 20b in a single module 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n includes a fair amount of space, thus enabling roof penetration under the conditions of existing roof chairs, ribs and roof coatings to ensure sa10 rack in efficient air circulation modules 2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n .
    As shown in Figures 4A-4E, the outlet connection 5 of the piping 5 from the solar collector 511 and the inlet 521 to the solar collector can be arranged in modules in a number of ways.
    Also, the air circulation I of the interior T of the solar collectors 2 shown in Figures 4A-4E; Id mirror images in horizontal and vertical are possible.
    In particular, Figures 3A-3C illustrate the configuration, functions, of the apparatus according to the invention.
    In the embodiments shown in Figures 3A-3C, solar radiation energy, in particular IR radiation energy, is thus bound to the airflow Id in the interior space T of the solar collector 2. Thereafter, the heated air flow 20 inside the solar collector 2 is led through the piping 5; 51 along the base 8 and / or the bottom 7 of the building 10 to at least partially adjoin the enclosed air space 3 to reduce the relative humidity of said enclosed air 3 and to reduce the humidity of the foundation 8 and / or bottom 7. The moisture transferred from the base 8 or bottom 7 to the enclosed airspace 3 bordering the base 8 or bottom 7 is conducted through the return air Ib and piping 25 5, part 52, to the interior T. of the solar collector 2. through the flap mechanism or valve in connection with the cover 26 from the interior T of the solar collector 2 to the outside air.
    Fig. 3A shows a device 1 according to an embodiment of the invention, in which the lower ends of the piping 5 of the solar collector 2 open up to the ridge floor 7 of the building 10; 72 to ventilation space 3; 31. Ventilation space3; 31 is bounded from below from below by soil M, from above, ridge bottom 7; 72 (bottom floor of the building) and side ventilation 3; 31 circular building plinth 8; 81. Ventilation space 3; 31 incoming
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017 the amount of outdoor air is limited to less than 10% in solar panel interior space T, piping 5 interior and ridge floor ventilation 3; 31 total daily airflow volume.
    In Fig. 3A, the heated air la in the interior space T of the solar collector 2 is thus conducted 5 through the piping 5 to the bottom 7; 72, closed vent 3; 31. Ventilation space 3; The temperature of the air mass le of 31 is lower than the temperature of the air stream la arriving there from the solar collector 2. Here, too, its equilibrium humidity is lower and the relative humidity is generally significantly higher than the relative humidity of the airflow 1a arriving at the ventilation. When the ventilation 3; As dry warm air 1a arrives, the temperature of the air mass le in the ventilation space rises and its relative humidity decreases as the equilibrium humidity of the air mass le increases. In this case, the ventilation space 3; 31 bordering base 7; 72 and, in part, 8 of the foundations; 81 allows moisture to be transferred to ventilation space 3; 31 air mass le. Ventilation space 3; 31, the humid airflow Ib is returned via the pipe 52 portion 5 to the interior space T of the solar collector 2, whereby the moisture contained in the airflow Id circulating inside the solar collector 2 is discharged to the outdoor air as described above.
    In the apparatus 1 illustrated in Figure 3B, the free lower end (s) 5a of the piping 5 associated with the solar collector 2 initially opens into the first 20 enclosed space 3 in the lower part 13 of the building 10 defined by the enclosed housing 9 the relative humidity of the air contained in the enclosed space 3 (housing 9) is high at this stage due to the low temperature of the air mass of this enclosed space 3 and the moisture of the concrete slab. The temperature of the heated air stream 1a from the solar collector 2 is 25 higher and the relative humidity lower than the relative humidity of the air mass le in the housing. The air mass le inside the housing 9 then coincides with the heated air flow 1a from the solar collector 2, and its temperature and relative humidity decrease. Moisture can be transferred from the concrete slab 7; 71 for the air mass le of the housing 9. From the inside of the housing, the humid airflow Ib pa30 is fed back through the conduit 5 portion 52 to the interior space T of the solar collector 2, whereby the moisture contained in the air stream Id circulating in said interior space T is discharged to the outside air.
    With concrete slab 7; 71 the humidity level has dropped down enough, concrete slab 7 starts;
    warm up while storing heat. In this way, the apparatus 1 35 according to the invention can first remove the moisture from the bottom sole 7 and then heat
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017 still earth concrete slab 7; 71. Concrete slab 7; For example, heat can be used to reduce heat loss through it to the soil M (thermal barrier).
    Thus, the apparatus 1 according to the invention can first be removed from the earth plate 7; 71 moisture and thereafter to warm this earthen concrete slab 5 7; 71 without overheating the air mass of space 3.
    Fig. 3C, in turn, illustrates an apparatus 1 according to the invention, in which the lower ends of the piping 5 of the solar collector 2 open into the basement 8 of the building; 82, which restricts the closed cellar air space 3. In the embodiments of the invention shown in Figure 3C, the heated air mass circulating inside the space T of the solar collector 2 is first inlet duct 5; 51 via a fan 53 connected to the basement
    8; 82 inside. Then in the basement 8; 82 the relative humidity of the air mass le decreases as its temperature rises. Basement 8; The 82 walls allow moisture to flow into the air mass le in the basement. Damp air is removed from basement 8; 82 back to the solar collector 2 via the return branch 5 of the conduit 5, or part 52, from which the moisture of the airflow Id circulating inside the solar collector space T is removed to the open air as previously described.
    In the following, some details of the invention and the operation of the solar collector 2 will be described in more detail with reference to the figures and the more general description of the figures given above. The operation of the apparatus 20 1 according to the invention will now be provided in accordance with Figure 3C in the basement 8; 82 drying, which can be performed by way of example (see also Figures 1B, 2A and 4A4E):
    Basement 8; For example, the size 82 is 3m x 3m x 2m (18m 3 ). Basement 8; 82 temperature is S C, relative humidity RH 100%. Basement 8; 82 at the start of the temperature is 7 C S and the inner side 25 of the air mass le RH% relative humidity is 100%. The partial pressure of the water vapor is then the cellar 8; 82 structures and the air mass inside it initially 1230 Pa. Under these conditions, the air mass le inside the cellar contains 8 g of water per cubic meter of air.
    Outside air temperature is, for example, 5 S C and a relative humidity of 70% RH. When the fan 53 of the building 30 is started, it draws air from the basement 8; Through the 5 sections of the 82 piping, the air enters the solar panel interior T and blows back the warmed air into the basement at 70 I / sec. The outgoing air flow from the solar collector 2 la temperature is typically 60 Q C. At the finish of solar collectors in two air flow
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017 la speed at basement 8; The amount of air corresponding to 82 total volume of air flows into the interior space T of the solar collector 2 for an average of 4 minutes and 17 seconds. As a result, basement 8; The temperature of the air mass le 82 rises to 25 s C and its relative humidity RH% drops to 32%.
    Because in the basement 8; The temperature of the air mass le at 82 has increased to 25 s C, its equilibrium humidity has increased to be able to trap 23 g / m 3 , since the partial pressure of saturated water vapor at this temperature (25 S C) is 3160 Pa (RH 100%). This allows the air mass in the basement to absorb 15 g more moisture per m 3 of air. Basement 8; The moisture of the structures is now transferred to 10 air into the air mass le of the cellar interior 3 because the surface temperature of the structures is also 25 S C and the relative humidity RH% is 100% at the surface of the structures at 25 S C with a relative humidity of 32%. corresponds to a partial pressure of water vapor of 1100 Pa (8 g / m 3 ).
    Humidity-absorbing air Ib is led through the conduit 5 portion 52 to the solar collector
    2 to the interior T. The free end of the 52 part of the piping 5 extends into the basement 8; 82 into the interior 3 and the other end opens into the interior T. of the solar collector 2. The airflow Ib arriving at the interior T of the solar collector 2 warms up to 60 sec . In this case, the air I circulating in the interior of the solar collector 2; Id partial pressure of saturated water vapor is 3540 Pa.
    Outside air temperature of, for example, 5 S C and a relative humidity of 70% RH, wherein the water vapor partial pressure of 20 under these conditions is 613 Pa. The difference between the partial pressures of the water vapor Id in the outdoor air and inside the solar collector T is now 3540-613 Pa = 2927 Pa.
    For example, if the surface area of the interior bounding T in the solar collector 2 is 0.04 m 2 , said difference in partial pressures of the water vapor causes an outward thrust F = 2927 Pa x 0.04 m 2 = 113 N on the solar collector 25 2 structures. associated flap assemblies 26a1,26b1 and seals 27: 27 'and 27 between frame frame 20 and front plate 29 and / or frame frame and rear plate 24; 27 ".
    If the partial vapor pressure of the outdoor water vapor is greater than the partial vapor pressure of the air mass in the interior of the solar collector 2, said pressure difference results in flaps 26a1,26b1 and the seals 27: 27 and 27; 27 ”closure.
    Reference Number List
    Hardware
    Building water ceiling exterior wall lower part
    Solar assembly module
    2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n frame
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017
    parts of the frame 21,22 pair of partitions (modules) 22.22 parts of the frame (modules) 20 1 , 20 2 ... 20 n frame plug 20a coupling opening 20b pair of connection openings (modules) 20b, 20b the control element 23; 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d the rear plate 24 plate-like absorption surface 25 cover 26
    cover plate 26a, 26b outer edge 26a1,26b1 gasket 27 gasket 27 ', 27 "front plate support 28 front plate
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017 fastener30 fastener element 30b, 30c connection opening30a
    Air space in the lower part of the building (closed) 3
    Rossipohn Ventilation Room31
    Piping5 outlet pipe / pipes51 outlet connection with solar collector511 inlet pipe / pipes52 inlet connection with solar collector521 fan53 damper54
    Controller6 temperature sensor61 flow rate sensor62 control unit63
    Bottom base7 concrete slab71 slate base72
    Foundation8 plinth81 basement82
    Kotelo9
    AirflowIflow from solar collectorflowflow to solar collectorIb lower airflow to airflowflow inside solar collectorId
    MaaperäM
    Solar Collector Interiors Module InteriorsTm
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017
    权利要求:
    Claims (24)
    [1]
    The claims
    Apparatus (1) for drying the foundation (8) and / or subfloor (7) of a building (10) comprising a building foundation and / or a subfloor which limits the gas space remaining in the lower part (13) of the building (10), in particular air space (3) ), 5 solar collectors (
    [2]
    2) for receiving solar radiation and for binding it to a gaseous medium circulating in the interior (T) of the solar collector (2), in particular air (I; Id), characterized in that:
    - the solar radiation-permeable front surface (2) of the solar collector (2) is made of polycarbonate or a similar material which also transmits moisture,
    10 - the solar collector (2) is provided with a flap mechanism, in particular a flap or seal (26a, 26b) which is opened by the pressure of the gas to remove moisture from the interior (T) of the solar collector (2) to the outdoor air;
    - the interior space (T) of the solar collector (2) is connected via a pipeline (5) to the air connection to the closed gas space bordering the foundation (8) and / or the bottom (7), in particular,
    15 (3), whereby the interior (T) of the solar collector (2), the interior of the piping (5) and the enclosed gas space bordering the foundation (8) or the bottom, especially the enclosed air space (3) form a gas space, especially air space the flow is arranged at 0 to 10% by volume of the total flow volume of gas flowing in said gas space, in particular air.
    Apparatus (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that one or more control dampers (54) and one or more fans (53) are arranged in connection with the piping (5) for changing the flow rate of the gas flow, in particular air flow (I; 1a, Ib). in said piping (5).
    [3]
    Apparatus (1) according to claim 2, characterized by a control unit (6;
    63) for changing the flow rate of the gas flow, in particular of the air flow, in the piping (5) via at least one damper (54) and / or at least one fan (53).
    [4]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar collector (2) comprises a vertical frame (20) with
    A horizontal polycarbonate solar radiation-transmitting front panel (29) and also a horizontal rear panel (24), wherein said frame (20), the front panel (29) and the rear panel (24) limit the interior (T) of the solar collector (2),
    The interior of the 20176182 prh 28 -12-2017 also has a horizontal plate-like absorption surface (25) for collecting solar radiation.
    [5]
    Apparatus (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the back plate (24) of the solar collector (2) is also made of polycarbonate and the solar collector (2).
    In addition, the interior (T) of the 5 (2) has one or more horizontal layers of moisture and air permeable insulation.
    [6]
    Apparatus (1) according to Claim 4, characterized in that one or more sensors (62, 61) are provided in the interior (T) of the solar collector (2) for measuring the velocity or temperature of the gas, in particular the air.
    10
    [7]
    Apparatus (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that at least the frame (20) and the front plate (29) of the solar collector (2) have a cover (26) having flap-shaped formations (26a, 26b) and / or a cover and front plate. seals (27) between the frame and the flaps (26a, 26b) and / or the seals (27) between the cover and the frame are opened by a partial pressure of water vapor circulating in the interior (T) of the solar collector.
    [8]
    Apparatus (1) according to claim 4, wherein the solar collector (2) consists of at least two modules (2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n ), characterized in that each module comprises a part (20 1 , 20 2 ) of a vertical frame (20) . ... 20 n ) with a horizontal part (29 1 , 29 2 ... 29 n ) of a polycarbonate solar radiation transmitting front plate (29) and also a horizontal part of the rear plate (24), whereby each module (2 1) , 2 2 ... 2 n ) part of the frame (20) (20 1 , 20 2 ... 20 n ), part of the front plate (29) (29 1 , 29 2 ... 29 n ) and part of the rear plate (24) delimit the interior space (Tmi, Tm2 ... Tmn) of the module (2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n ) of the solar collector (2), further comprising a horizontal plate-like absorption surface (25) for collecting solar radiation.
    25
    [9]
    Apparatus (1) according to claim 8, wherein the solar collector (2) consists of at least two modules (2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n ), characterized in that the volume available for the air circulation (I; Id) of the solar collector (2) is directly proportional to the total solar volume (T) of the interior space (Tmi, Tm2 ... Tmn) of the modules (2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n ) contained within the solar collector (2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n ) plus the interior space (T) of said solar collector (2) ) is provided with at least one control element (23) for controlling air circulation (I; Id) in said interior space (T) of said solar collector (2).
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017
    [10]
    Apparatus (1) according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the solar collector (2) consists of at least two modules (2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n ), wherein the part (20 1 , 20 2 ... 20 n ), the two opposite side ends (22; 22 ', 22; 22 ") have at least one detachable
    A coupling opening (20b) covered by 5 end plugs (20a), preferably two coupling openings (20b; 20b ', 20b'), which can be covered by two removable end plugs (20a; 20a ', 20a'), respectively, of at least two solar collectors (2); ) for connecting the interior (Tmi, Tm2 ... Tmn) of the module (2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n ) to the air connection through the connection openings 10 (20b) of the parts (20 1 , 20 2 ... 20 n ) of the frame (20) by setting every two adjacent modules (2 1, 2 2, ... 2 n) contact each frame of the frame (20) of its parts (20 1, 20 2), such that the body frame (20) of the parts (20 1, 20 2) the coupling openings (20b, 20b) are aligned, whereby the combined air volume (Tmi, Tm2 ... Tmn) of the at least two modules (2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n ) also defines the air volume (T) of the solar collector.
    [11]
    Apparatus (1) according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that a number of successively arranged modules (2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n ) of the solar collector (2) remain inside the rectangular and vertical frame (20) of the solar collector (2). the mutually connected lateral ends (22 ') of the parts (20 1 , 20 2 ... 20 n ) of the frame (20),
    20 22 ') with partition wall pairs (22', 22 ') having concentric coupling orifice pairs (20b, 20b) from which air flow can pass from one module to another module.
    [12]
    Apparatus (1) according to one of Claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the position of the control element (23) is arranged to be varied in the solar collector (2).
    25 duels (2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n ) from the first position to the second position so that the air circulation in the module (2 ', 2 ", 2'") of the solar collector (2) caused by said control element (23) is changed from the first air circulation to the second air circulation.
    [13]
    Apparatus (1) according to one of Claims 8 to 11, characterized in that all the modules (2 1 , 2 2 ... 2 n ) of the solar collector (20) are successively mounted in one row, leaving 2 inside the frame (20). n_1 partition wall pairs (22 ', 22'), each pair of partition walls having two concentric coupling opening pairs (20b, 20b), from which air flow (I; Id) can pass from one module to another module.
    [14]
    Apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the frame (20) of the solar collector (2) is made of wood.
    20176182 prh 28 -12- 2017
    [15]
    Apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims 5 to 14, characterized in that the solar collector (2) is mounted on the roof (11) or the outer wall (12) so that its front panel (29) is about the roof (11), respectively. or parallel to the outer wall (12).
    5
    [16]
    Apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the lower ends of the piping (5) of the solar collector (2) open up to the bottom (7;
    (72) a vent, to which the amount of replacement air (outdoor) entering the vent is limited to less than 10% of the total daily air volume flow in the air space (3).
    10
    [17]
    Apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the lower ends of the piping (5) of the solar collector (2) open into a housing (9) which is in contact with a bottom plate (7) such as a concrete slab (72).
    [18]
    Apparatus (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the lower ends of the piping (5) of the solar collector (2) open into the basement (8; 82) of the building.
    [19]
    A method for drying a building foundation (8) and / or subfloor (7) by means of an apparatus (81) comprising a solar collector (2) having a solar-transmitting front surface (29) made of polycarbonate or the like, which:
    [20]
    20 also allows moisture to receive solar radiation and to bind to the circulating airflow (Id) in the interior (T) of the solar collector (2) and to connect the conduits (5) to the air connection to the foundation (8) or bottom (7) with closed airspace (3), characterized in that in the process
    25 - solar radiation energy, in particular IR radiation energy, is bound to the airflow (Id) circulating inside the solar panel (2),
    - the heated air flow inside the solar collector (2) is conducted along the pipeline (5) to the foundation (8) or bottom (7) of the building (10) at least partially enclosed airspace (3); to calculate,
    - the moisture transferred from the foundation (8) or the bottom (7) to the enclosed air space (3) adjacent to the foundation (8) or the bottom (7) is conducted through the piping (5),
    20176182 prh 28 -12-2017 through the interior of the solar collector (2) and thereafter through the diaphragm mechanism (2) of the solar collector (2) through a solar panel (29) made of polycarbonate or similar material T) the open air.
    A method according to claim 19, characterized in that the method comprises directing a flow of air (I; 1a) from the solar collector (2) along the pipeline (5) to a closed air space (3) defined by the housing (9). 7) a ground slab made of concrete or similar material, first to remove moisture from the foundation (8) and / or the bottom 10 (7) and after the dehumidification of the foundation (8) or bottom (7) by air-heating said ground slab (7) .
    [21]
    Method according to Claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the method comprises the suction of heated air mass circulating in the interior of the solar collector (2) via fans (53) or the like into the foundation (8) or into the bottom.
    15 (7) to the enclosed enclosed air space (3) and then air blowing from the enclosed air space (3) adjacent to the foundation (8) or bottom floor (7) back to the interior space (T) of the solar collector (2); because of the difference in the open air.
    [22]
    A method according to claim 21, characterized in that:
    The partial pressure difference of water vapor between the air mixture 20 of the solar collector (2) and the interior (T) of the solar collector (2) opens seals arranged between the solar panel (29) cover and frame (20) or flap-shaped formations
    [23]
    Use of the apparatus (1) as defined in claim 1 by introducing a heated air flow (I; la) inside the solar collector (2) via a pipeline (5) into an enclosed air space at least partially bounded by the foundation (8) or bottom (7) of the building (10). (3) for heating said foundation (8) or base (7).
    [24]
    Use according to claim 23, characterized in that the heat supplied to the foundation (8) or the bottom (7) is applied to other parts of the building and / or
    30 heating energy needs.
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    同族专利:
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    FI128743B|2020-11-30|
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